Part 4 of 12 in the unabridged audiobook of Chancellor Williams’ classic study of African history. Chapter 3, “Egypt: The Rise and Fall of Black Civilization,” reviews the long arc from the pre-dynastic period of around 4500 B.C. through the great dynasties. Williams gives particular attention to Africa’s own systems of self-government — rule by Councils of Elders that Western writers misread as “stateless” — and to the internal power struggles and outside pressures that shaped Egypt’s decline. A foundational chapter in the long view of Black history for the readers of Black Boys In Crisis.